Vestibular Schwannoma

Surgery for a vestibular schwannoma is designed to remove a slow-growing, non-cancerous tumour that develops on the nerve responsible for hearing and balance. Although benign, this growth can gradually affect nearby structures, leading to symptoms such as reduced hearing, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), dizziness and unsteadiness. Larger tumours may also place pressure on the brainstem, making treatment more important.

The aim of the operation is not only to remove the tumour, but also to protect the surrounding nerves as much as possible. Particular attention is given to preserving the facial nerve to maintain facial movement.

Several surgical pathways can be used to reach the tumour. The choice depends on factors such as its size, position, and relationship to nearby nerves and blood vessels. Your surgeon will select the approach that offers the best balance between effective tumour removal and preservation of important neurological function.

Because these tumours lie close to delicate structures within the skull, the procedure requires highly specialised techniques. Modern skull base surgery incorporates high-resolution imaging, microsurgical instruments, and real-time nerve monitoring to improve accuracy and reduce the risk of complications.

Recovery varies from person to person. Some patients benefit from balance therapy or other rehabilitation after surgery. Long-term results are influenced by the tumour’s size, how closely it is attached to surrounding nerves, and the extent to which normal nerve function can be preserved during the operation.

Common questions

What are the symptoms of a vestibular schwannoma?

Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:

• Progressive hearing loss, usually in one ear

• Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear)

• Dizziness or unsteadiness

• Facial numbness or weakness

• Headaches or neurological symptoms if the tumour becomes large enough to press on the brainstem

What is the goal of vestibular schwannoma surgery?

The primary goal is to remove or control the tumour while preserving important nerve function as much as possible. This includes protecting:

• Facial movement

• Overall neurological function

The surgical plan is tailored to the tumour’s size, location, growth pattern, and the patient’s general health.

How is the surgery performed?

There are several established approaches:

What are the risks and possible complications?

As with any major skull base operation, complications can occur. These may include:

What is recovery like after surgery?

Recovery differs between individuals, but many patients:

• Spend several days in hospital

• Gradually increase activity over the following weeks

• Experience improvement in balance over time

• Require several weeks to a few months for full recovery

Some patients benefit from vestibular (balance) rehabilitation, physical therapy, or speech and swallowing therapy, particularly if there has been temporary nerve weakness or significant balance disturbance.

Regular follow-up appointments are important to:

• Monitor healing

• Assess facial and hearing function

• Review imaging scans

• Ensure there is no evidence of tumour regrowth or recurrence